تأثير خصائص المؤسسة الصغيرة والمتوسطة ومسيرها في الحصول على التمويل المصرفي في موريتانيا

1. Adaskou, M., & El Bettioui, R. (2022). Access of micro, small and medium-sized firms to bank credit: A logistic regression on a sample of Moroccan companies. Economics, Management and Sustainability, 7(2), 47–62. https://doi.org/10.14254/jems.2022.7-2.4.

2. Ahmad, S., Tayachi, T., Haq, S. G., Wang’ombe, W., & Ahmad, F. (2022). Entrepreneurial-specific characteristics and access to finance of SMEs in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Sustainability, 14(16), 10189. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610189.

3. Banque mondiale. (2018). Rapport sur la situation économique en Mauritanie : Vers une consolidation budgétaire qui améliore la gestion des investissements publics et fortifie les filets sociaux. Washington, DC : Groupe de la Banque mondiale.

https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/471691519149985543/pdf/123620-FRENCH-WP-PUBLIC-20-2-2018-3-42-50-RSEM.pdf

4. Banque mondiale. (2019, mai). Rapport sur la situation économique en Mauritanie : Améliorer le climat des affaires pour favoriser le développement du secteur privé. Groupe de la Banque mondiale.

https://documents.banquemondiale.org/fr/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/424311558627037610/rapport-sur-la-situation-%c3%89conomique-en-mauritanie-am%c3%a9liorer-le-climat-des-affaires-pour-favoriser-le-d%c3%a9veloppement-du-secteur-priv%c3%a9

5. Banque mondiale (2022). Rapport sur la situation économique en Mauritanie, le secteur privé au centre de la transformation économique et de la création d’emplois.,

https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/news/press-release/2022/06/21/afw-mauritania-economic-update-2022-the-private-sector-at-the-center-of-economic-transformation

6. Beck, T., & Cull, R. (2014). SME finance in Africa. Journal of African Economies, 23(5), 583–613. https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/eju016

7. Berger, A. N., & Udell, G. F. (1990). Collateral, loan quality, and bank risk. Journal of Monetary Economics, 25(1), 21-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3932(90)90042-3

8. Berger, A. N., & Udell, G. F. (1998). The economics of small business finance: The roles of private equity and debt markets in the financial growth cycle. Journal of Banking & Finance.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(98)00038-7

9. Blumberg, B. F., & Letterie, W. A. (2007). Business starters and credit rationing. Small Business Economics, 30(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-006-9030-1

10. Boulahouat, M., & Beztouh, D. (2022). SMEs in Algeria and the constraints of access to bank financing: Empirical survey. Journal of Economic Integration, 10(1). https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/article/187257

11. Chaudhuri, K., Sasidharan, S., & Raj, R. S. N. (2020). Gender, small firm ownership, and credit access: Some insights from India. Small Business Economics, 54(4), 1165–1181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187 018 0124 3

12. Conseil Supérieur de l’Investissement. (2025). Rapport du Conseil Supérieur de l’Investissement en Mauritanie : Année 2025. République Islamique de Mauritanie.

13. Cowling, M., Liu, W., & Ledger, A. (2012). Small business financing in the UK before and during the current financial crisis. International Small Business Journal, 30(7), 778–800. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242611435516

14. Diallo, B., & Thiongane, M. (2018). Accès au crédit bancaire des petites et moyennes entreprises au Sénégal. Munich Personal RePEc Archive. MPRA Paper No. 89378.

https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/89378

15. Fonds monétaire international. (2015, February). Rapport des services du FMI sur les consultations de 2014 au titre de l’article IV (Rapport No. 15/35).

https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2015/cr1535.pdf

16. Gamage, P. (2013). Determinants of access to bank finance for small and medium sized enterprises: The case of Sri Lanka. Corporate Ownership & Control, 10(3).

https://doi.org/10.22495/cocv10i3c3art6

17. Hj Talip, S. N. S., & Wasiuzzaman, S. (2023). Influence of human capital and social capital on MSME access to finance: assessing the mediating role of financial literacy. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 42(3), 458-485. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-04-2023-0214

18. Jiménez Rico, A., Gómez López, C. S., & Zamilpa, J. (2023). Determinants of access to bank financing in SMEs in Mexico. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 16(11), 477. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16110477

19. Kadjie, C. F., & Omenguele, G. R. (2019). L’effet synergique des déterminants de l’accès au financement bancaire par les PME au Cameroun. Journal of Academic Finance, 10(2), 84–101. https://doi.org/10.59051/joaf.v10i2.325

20. Kahraman, M., Tektas, A., & Coskun, A. (2019). The access to finance by SMEs in Turkey and the EU: A comparative study. PressAcademia Procedia, 10(1), 1 6. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2019.1133

21. Ly, Y. B. (2016). Barrières à l’accès aux services financiers bancaires par les entreprises en Mauritanie (MPRA Paper No. 108680). Munich Personal RePEc Archive. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/108680/1/MPRA_paper_108680.pdf

22. Menard, S. (2010). Logistic regression: From introductory to advanced concepts and applications. SAGE Publications. https://books.google.com/books/about/Logistic_Regression.html?id=eFOCz1tl_gQC

23. Nega, F., & Hussein, E. (2016). Small and medium enterprise access to finance in Ethiopia: Synthesis of demand and supply (Working Paper 01/16). The Horn Economic and Social Policy Institute (HESPI). https://hespi.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/SME.pdf

24. Nekhili, M., & Derbel, M. (2007). L’importance des variables structurelles et comportementales dans la décision d’accord de crédit aux PME tunisiennes. Revue international P.M.E., 20(3–4), 191–218. https://doi.org/10.7202/1008529ar

25. Ogubazghi, S. K., & Muturi, W. (2014). The effect of age and educational level of owner/managers on S MMEs access to bank loan in Eritrea: Evidence from Asmara City. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 4, 632–643. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2014.411069

26. Omri, A., & Bellouma, M. (2004). Le regroupement des demandes de crédits des petites et moyennes entreprises tunisiennes dans le contexte d’asymétrie d’information. Revue internationale PME, 17(2), 43–63. https://doi.org/10.7202/1008453ar

27. Pham, T. H. V. (2010). Financement bancaire des PME : Cas d’étude du Vietnam (Thèse de doctorat en sciences de gestion). Université Laval.

28. Quartey, P., Turkson, E., Abor, J. Y., & Iddrisu, M. A. (2017). Financing the growth of SMEs in Africa: What are the constraints to SME financing within ECOWAS? Review of Development Finance, 7, 18–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rdf.2017.03.001

29. Rahman, A., Rahman, M., & Belas, J. (2017). Determinants of SME Finance: Evidence from Three Central European countries. Review of Economic Perspectives, 17(3), 263–285. https://doi.org/10.1515/revecp-2017-0014

30. République Islamique de Mauritanie, Présidence de la République. (2012). Loi n° 2012/52 relative au Code des investissements.

31. Robb, A. M., & Wolken, J. D. (2002). Firm, owner, and financing characteristics: Differences between female and male owned small businesses (Finance and Economics Discussion Series No. 2002 18). Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. https://doi.org/10.17016/feds.2002.18

32. Sabarwal, S., & Terrell, K. (2008). Does gender matter for firm performance? Evidence from Eastern Europe and Central Asia (IZA Discussion Paper No. 3758). IZA Institute of Labor Economics. https://ftp.iza.org/dp3758.pdf

33. United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. (2025, July 22). Empowering women- and youth-led SMEs in Mauritania. https://uneca.org/stories/empowering-women-and-youth-led-smes-in-mauritani

34. United Nations. (2025). Micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises day 2025. United Nations. https://www.un.org/en/observances/micro-small-medium-businesses-day

35. Vigneron, L. (2008). Conditions de financement de la PME et relations bancaires (Thèse de doctorat en sciences de gestion). Université Lille II.

36. Wamba, H. (2013). Capital social et accès des PME africaines au crédit bancaire : Le cas du Cameroun. Revue des Sciences de Gestion, (259–260), 53–68. https://doi.org/10.3917/rsg.259.0053

37. Watanabe, W. (2004). Availability of firms’ information and their choice of external credit: Evidence from the data of small firms (Discussion Paper No. 616). The Institute of Social and Economic Research, Japan. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.591741

38. Wilson, F., Carter, S., Tagg, S., Shaw, E., & Lam, W. (2007). Bank loan officers’ perceptions of business owners: The role of gender. British Journal of Management, 18(2), 154–171. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467 8551.2006.00508

39. World Bank. (2015). Enterprise surveys: Mauritania country profile 2014 [Report]. https://www.enterprisesurveys.org/content/dam/enterprisesurveys/documents/country-profiles/Mauritania-2014.pdf

40. World Bank. (2025). Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) finance. World Bank. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/smefinance