مراجعة قوائم وتقارير الشركة المساهمة خارجياً: بين حقٍ مبينٍ وسرابٍ مستحيلٍ

المؤلفون

  • خالد بن رشيد العديم كلية إدارة الأعمال، جامعة الملك سعود، المملكة العربية السعودية المؤلف

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59992//IJFAES.2024.v3n3p2

الكلمات المفتاحية:

محاسبة الشركات المساهمة، المراجعة، الحقيقة

الملخص

نتج عن انفصال الملكية عن الإدارة في أنموذج الشركة المساهمة الحاجة لأن يصادق طرف خارجيٍ على تمثيل القوائم المالية التي أعدّتها الإدارة التنفيذية للشركة المساهمة لمركزها المالي والأداء المالي والنقدي والتشغيلي لإدارتها التنفيذية، كما نتج عن وجود الشركة المساهمة المسموح بتداول أسهمها في السوق والبورصات ظهور فئة في المجتمع متربصة بالأسعار، وأوجدت المحاسبة مفهوماً فحواه أنها خادمة كل متخذ قرار رشيد، إلا أنّ مفهوم’ متخذي القرار‘ في المحاسبة مَحْضُ خيالٍ، فلم تستطع المحاسبة المالية لما يزيد عن قرن زمان وحتى لحظتنا هذه تقديم أنموذج للقوائم المالية والتقارير الملزومة شركة المساهمة بإعدادها ونشرها ملبيةً بها حاجات مموليها، فتعد القوائم المالية بناء على معايير المحاسبة المالية، فهي ممثلة للحقيقة ما مثلتها هذه المعايير، فالحقيقة في المحاسبة مستحيلة وليست انعكاساً للحقيقة الاقتصادية القائمة عليها الوحدة المحاسبية.

إن مصادقة المراجع الخارجي على القوائم المالية للشركة المساهمة المعدة من قبل إدارتها التنفيذية تجعله شريكها في إعداد القوائم والتقارير المالية، إنّ ما يعطي قيمة لرأي الطرف الخارجي هو تمتعه بالمعرفة الفنية التي تمنحه امتيازاً عن باقي أفراد مجتمعه، كما أن استقلاله عن الإدارة التنفيذية ركيزة عمله ومهنيته، إلا أنّ البحث الأكاديمي في المحاسبة والمراجعة يضفي شكاً في موضوعية المراجع الخارجي بل وقدرته على الاستقلال، فعلاقتهما للتعاون أقرب تصوراً منها للتناحر  والتدافع تمثيلا لمصالح الطرف الغائب عن العلاقة التعاقدية بينهما، إن المراجعة الخارجية هي المهنة الوحيدة التي على ممتهنها مراقبة من يقبض منه المراجع الخارجي أتعابه خدمةً لطرف غائب في العلاقة التعاقدية، فلا يقدّم المراجع الخارجي خدمة مراجعة القوائم المالية وتقارير الشركات المساهمة خدمةً مجتمعية أو تطوعية، وإنما هي خدمة بمقابل تغطيةً لنفقاته وتحقيقاً لمصدر دخل، كما إنّ مهارات العمل والتعامل مع عملاء شركة المراجعة من الأهمية بمكان في شركة المراجعة، كما أنّ قيادة ارتباط المراجعة بأنموذج الشريك الواحد في تنفيذ ارتباطات المراجعة مصدر مخاطرة، إنّ المراجع الخارجي نتاج مجتمعه، فالعقيدة التي عليها مجتمعه يعتقدها هو، وهي مما يؤثر على قرارته، فهي ميزان الأمور، إن تعضيد استقلالية المراجع الخارجي حتى في حضرة التشريعات غير كفيل باستقلال ذهن المراجع الخارجي.

السيرة الشخصية للمؤلف

  • خالد بن رشيد العديم، كلية إدارة الأعمال، جامعة الملك سعود، المملكة العربية السعودية

    أستاذ بقسم المحاسبة، كلية إدارة الأعمال، جامعة الملك سعود، المملكة العربية السعودية

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التنزيلات

منشور

2024-03-15

إصدار

القسم

المقالات

كيفية الاقتباس

مراجعة قوائم وتقارير الشركة المساهمة خارجياً: بين حقٍ مبينٍ وسرابٍ مستحيلٍ. (2024). المجلة الدولية للعلوم المالية والإدارية والاقتصادية, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.59992//IJFAES.2024.v3n3p2