الملكية الفكرية والذكاء الاصطناعي - التحديات والآفاق: دراسة تحليلية

المراجع العربية:

1. أبو غزالة, م., & الحوسني, ر. (2025, يونيو 25). ثورة الذكاء الاصطناعي: كيف تُعيد التكنولوجيا تشكيل طبيعة العلاقات الدولية؟. Retrieved اكتوبر 15, 2025, from تريندز للبحوث والاستشارات: https://shorturl.at/2MMWd

2. الأيوبي, م. (2025, يوليو 22). الذكاء الاصطناعي والملكية الفكرية: نحو إعادة تشكيل العلاقة بين الإبداع والقانون! Retrieved اكتوبر 15, 2025, from جريدة الحرة: https://shorturl.at/jrGbA

3. المتحدة, ا. (n.d.). تعزيز إنفاذ قانون الملكية الفكرية لحماية الإبداع. Retrieved اكتوبر 15,

4. الويبو. (2025, Apr 23). الذكاء الاصطناعي والملكية الفكرية.

Retrieved Oct 9, 2025, from WIPO: https://www.wipo.int/ar/web/frontier-technologies/artificial-intelligence/index

5. عبدالفتاح, ف. ا. (2025, 22 يوليو). مستقبل العلاقة الجدلية بين الذكاء الاصطناعي والملكية الفكرية. Retrieved اكتوبر 15, 2025, from المستقبل للابحاث والدراسات المتقدمة: https://futureuae.com/ar-AE/Mainpage/Item/10313

6. فاعور, د. ن. (2025, سبتمبر 24). الذكاء الاصطناعي والخصوصية المتعلقة بحقوق براءات الاختراع. المجلة العصرية للدارسات القانونية. 1(3), 183-202.

doi:10.70411/MJLS.1.1.2025144

المراجع الاجنبية

1. Baregheh, A., Rowley, J., & Sambrook, S. (2009, Sep). Towards a Multidisciplinary Definition of Innovation. Management Decision, 47(8), 1323-1339. doi:1108/00251740910984578

2. Chatwood, R. (2025, Jan 28). AI and intellectual property rights. Retrieved Oct 12, 2025, from Dentons: https://www.dentons.com/en/insights/articles/2025/january/28/ai-and-intellectual-property-rights

3. ÇİÇİN, F. N., & SAYIN, S. (2024). Understanding Artificial Intelligence Along with Legal and Ethical Issues. Journal of Oncological Sciences, 10(2), 105-114. doi:10.37047/jos.2023-99598

4. Copeland, B. (2025, SEP 6). artificial intelligence. Retrieved from Encyclopedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/technology/artificial-intelligence

5. Costello, T., & Prohaska, B. (2013, May 01). What does Innovation mean - a term without a clear definition. IT Professional, 15(3), 62-63. doi:10.1109/MITP.2013.42

6. Ercoli, L. (2024, Aug 1). The EU’s AI Act is in force: how does it deal with the protection of intellectual property rights? Retrieved Sep 30, 2025, from Società Italiana Brevetti S.p.A.: https://www.sib.it/en/flash-news/the-eus-ai-act-is-in-force-how-does-it-deal-with-the-protection-of-intellectual-property-rights/

7. Europe, C. o. (2024, Sep 5). The Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence. (C. O. EUROPE, Editor) Retrieved Sep 30, 2025, from COE.INT: https://www.coe.int/en/web/artificial-intelligence/the-framework-convention-on-artificial-intelligence

8. Fagerberg, J. (2004, Oct 12). Innovation: A Guide to the Literature. Retrieved Sep 16, 2025, from IDEAS: http://www.tik.uio.no/InnoWP/tik_working_paper_20031012.pdf

9. Gao , Y., Liu, S., & Yang, L. (2025, Mar). Artificial intelligence and innovation capability: A dynamic capabilities perspective. International Review of Economics & Finance, 98. doi:10.1016/j.iref.2025.103923

10. Garcia , R., & Calantone, R. (2002). A critical look at technological innovation typology and innovativeness terminology: a literature review. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 19(2), 107-182. doi:10.1016/S0737-6782(01)00132-1

11. Isaksen, S., & Pupal, S. (2025, Apr). Understanding the Climate for Creativity and Innovation: 40 Years of Progress on the Situational Outlook Questionnaire. Psychological Reports, 0(0). doi:10.1177/00332941251335600

12. Jones , S., Knotts, T. J., & Udell , G. (2011, Num 17). Inventions and Inno entions and Innovations: Does Stage of De ations: Does Stage of Development Matter in elopment Matter in. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 17(1), 37-46. Retrieved Sep 14, 2025, from https://orc.library.atu.edu/faculty_pub_bus/186

13. Kazim, E., & Koshiyama, A. S. (2021, Sep 10). A high-level overview of AI ethics. Patterns, 2(9). doi:10.1016/j.patter.2021.100314

14. Kevin J, H., & Christopher T., Z. (2024, Dec 12). Artificial Intelligence and Patent Law. (L. O. CONGRESS, Producer) Retrieved Sep 30, 2025, from Congress.gov: https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/LSB11251

15. Kin, L. C., Chen, A. S.-A., & Seah, C. (2025, May 15). AI, Machine Learning & Big Data Laws and Regulations 2025 – Singapore. Retrieved Oct 2, 2025, from Global Legal Insights: https://www.globallegalinsights.com/practice-areas/ai-machine-learning-and-big-data-laws-and-regulations/singapore/

16. Lee, K., & Catania, P. (2024, Oct). Artificial Intelligence Law Guide- Australia. Retrieved Oct 4, 2025, from Global Legal Post: https://www.globallegalpost.com/lawoverborders/artificial-intelligence-law-guide-1549732605/australia-288194557

17. Li, K., Wu, H., & Dong, Y. (2024, Nov). Copyright protection during the training stage of generative AI: Industry-oriented U.S. law, rights-oriented EU law, and fair remuneration rights for generative AI training under the UN's international governance regime for AI. Computer Law & Security Review, 55. doi:10.1016/j.clsr.2024.106056

18. Li, S. (2025, JUN 12). Navigating the Deepfake Dilemma: Legal Challenges and Global Responses. Retrieved SEP 2, 2025, from https://rouse.com/insights/news/2025/navigating-the-deepfake-dilemma-legal-challenges-and-global-responses

19. Logan, T., McLiver, S., & Wilson, G. (2025, Jun 24). Navigating the intersection of AI and Intellectual Property. Retrieved Oct 4, 2025, from PwC New Zealand: https://www.pwc.co.nz/insights-and-publications/2025-publications/navigating-the-intersection-of-ai-and-intellectual-property.html

20. Lund, B., Orhan, Z., Mannuru, N. R., Kumar Bevara, R. V., Porter, B., Vinaih, M. K., & Bhaskara, P. (2025, Jan). Standards, frameworks, and legislation for artificial intelligence (AI) transparency. AI and Ethics, 5(4), 3639-3655. doi:10.1007/s43681-025-00661-4

21. Margoni, T., & Peters, D. (2016, Jan). Creative Commons Licenses: Empowering Open Access. SSRN Electronic Journal , 9(2). doi:10.2139/ssrn.2746044

22. Raman, K. (2004, JUN). Protecting intellectual property rights through information policy. Ubiquity, 1. doi:10.1145/1022348.1008537

23. Sartori, R., Favretto, G., & Ceschi, A. (2013). The relationships between innovation and human and psychological capital in organizations: A review. Innovation Journal, 18(3), 1-18. Retrieved Sep 13, 2025, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259829485

24. Schweighofer, K., Brune, B., Gruber, L., Schmid, S., Aufreiter, A., Gruber, A., . . . Hochreiter, S. (2025, Sep). Safe and Certifiable AI Systems: Concepts, Challenges, and Lessons Learned. Retrieved from arXiv: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.08852

25. Szkalej, K., & Senftleben, M. (2024, Dec 13). Generative AI and Creative Commons Licences - The Application of Share Alike Obligations to Trained Models, Curated Datasets and AI Output. Journal of Intellectual Property, Information Technology and Electronic Commerce Law, 15(3), 313-337. Retrieved from https://www.jipitec.eu/jipitec/issue/view/53/71

26. TN, G. O. (2024, Mar 21). PHOTOS: Gov. Lee Signs ELVIS Act Into Law. Retrieved Sep 30, 2025, from https://www.tn.gov/governor/news/2024/3/21/photos--gov--lee-signs-elvis-act-into-law.html

27. Udomsuvannakul, P., Jirachocksubsin, K., Chueabunchai, S., & Roongroajsataporn, P. (2025, Jun 10). Overview of Thailand’s Draft AI Legislation and Regulatory Framework. (C. M. Limited, Producer) Retrieved Oct 4, 2025, from Lexology: https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=ef2dbf17-e92c-413e-b87c-4923973c828a

28. UNESCO. (2020, Mar 10). UNESCO appoints international expert group to draft global recommendation on the ethics of AI. Retrieved Oct 9, 2025, from UNESCO: https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-appoints-international-expert-group-draft-global-recommendation-ethics-ai

29. Vescovo, S. (2023, Dec 7). Rise of the Machines: The Future of Intellectual Property Rights in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. Brooklyn Law Review, 89(1), 221-259. Retrieved from https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/blr/vol89/iss1/5

30. Ward, T. F. (2023, Apr). DABUS, An Artificial Intelligence Machine, Invented Something New and Useful, but the USPTO is not Buying It. Maine Law Review, 75(1), 72-100. Retrieved Oct 11, 2025, from https://digitalcommons.mainelaw.maine.edu/mlr/vol75/iss1/4

31. WIPO. (2021, 10 7). What is Intellectual Property? Retrieved from WIPO, World Intellectual Property Organization: https://www.wipo.int/about-ip/en/

32. WONG, C. H., YEO, H. C., LEE, R., LEOW, R. P., LIM, W. L., CHIEW, A., . . . LEE, A. (2017, Aug 16). Data: Engine for Growth – Implications for Competition Law, Personal Data Protection, and Intellectual Property Rights. Retrieved from CCS: https://www.ccs.gov.sg/resources/publications/occasional-papers---research-papers/data--engine-for-growth---implications-for-competition-law--personal-data-protection--and-intellectual-property-rights/

33. WTO. (2019, 9 25). What are intellectual property rights? Retrieved from World Trade Organization: https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/trips_e/intel1_e.htm

34. Wu , W., Huang, T., & Gong , K. (2020). Ethical Principles and Governance Technology Development of AI in China. Engineering, 6(3), 302-309. doi:10.1016/j.eng.2019.12.015

35. Zhang, A. H. (2024). High Wire: How China Regulates Big Tech and Governs Its Economy (Vol. 1). Oxford University Press. Retrieved Oct 1, 2025, from https://global.oup.com/academic/product/high-wire-9780197682258?cc=qa&lang=en&