A Comprehensive Analysis of Legal Frameworks and Ethical Considerations in Outer Space Exploration and Utilization
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59992/IJLRS.2026.v5n2p11الكلمات المفتاحية:
Space، Law، Outer Space، Exploration، Utilizationالملخص
The continuing expansion of space, regarded as a shared human heritage, is encountering an increasing number of obstacles due to the swift progression of technology. The proliferation of satellites and space debris poses a threat to the delicate biosphere in outer space as well as on Earth. Thus, attorneys labored over "Space Law" to regulate worldwide planetary exploration, research missions, and astronaut safety. This study traces the dual-track evolution of space law over the years as it investigates its ever-changing landscape. The inaugural segment of this study examines international law, including that which has been established through bilateral agreements with organizations like the Arab Satellite Communications Organizations and the United Nations.
Furthermore, this study explores the potential for various national legal systems to regulate space operations in a manner that protects the rights of stakeholders, guarantees adherence to international standards, and complies with global norms. The research technique examines all relevant domestic and international space exploration rules. This article examines the historical influence of key international organizations on space law and bilateral agreements. These organizations include IISL, COPUOS, ITU, and WMO. The research indicates that national and international policies exert an influence on space laws. Collaboration among numerous entities, including governments, is vital for the ethical and sustainable conduct of space exploration. The development of space law has brought to the forefront the significance of international cooperation and legislation by states that adhere to global standards. Space legislation must be codified in order to safeguard ecosystems and human lives.
المراجع
- Abdel-Rahman, M. S. (1993). Principles of Public International Law. Dar Al Walaa.
- Afkereen. (2007). General Theory of International Responsibility for Actions Prohibited by International Law, with Special Reference for Its Implementation in the Environmental Field. 21.
- Al-Heiti, N. A. (1986). Earth Sensing from Outer Space University of Baghdad]. Iraq.
- Ali, A. A. Legal System of Outer Space and Celestial Bodies.
- Ali, A. A. Legal System of Outer Space and Celestial Bodies.
- Amer, S. Introduction to the Study of Public International Law.
- Catherine Colard-fabregoule, C. C. (2012). Changements environnementaux globaux et droits de l'homme.
- Heif, A. S. A. Legal Regulation of Space Activity.
- Jameela, H. (2007). Legal System for Environmental Damage and Its Mechanisms of Compensation University of Algiers].
- Majdhoub, M. S. (1999). The Mediator in Public International Law. University House for Printing and Publishing.
- Mari, C. (2011). American Space Exploration and Development. Hw Wilson Co.
- Nations, U. (1967). Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies. https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ast/media/treaty_Princi_Gov_Acti_States_OST.pdf
- Nations, U. (1968a). Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space.
https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/usmu014.asp
- NATIONS, U. (1968b). Report of The Committee on The Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. file:///C:/Users/Dell/Downloads/A_7285-EN.pdf
- Nations, U. (1972). Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects.
https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/spacelaw/treaties/liability-convention.html
- Nations, U. (1979). Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies. https://jusmundi.com/en/document/treaty/en-agreement-governing-the-activities-of-states-on-the-moon-and-other-celestial-bodies-1979-moon-agreement-1979-wednesday-5th-december-1979
- Nations, U. (1992). Principles Relevant to the Use of Nuclear Power Sources in Outer Space. http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/resolutions/47/68GA1992.html
- Nations, U. (2003). Report of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space.
- Ozgur, G. (2013). Fundamentals of Space Business and Economics Springer
- Rabbu, H. T. A. (2009). The Legal Dimension of Remote Sensing from Outer Space Ain Shams University]. Egypt
- Resolution, G. A. (1969). Declaration on Social Progress and Development. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/declaration-social-progress-and- development#: ~:text=All%20peoples%20and%20all%20human, should%2C%20on%20their%20part%2C%20contribute
- Saad, F. Space Law. Al Dar Al Ahlia Bookstore.
- Shehata, I. (1960). International Air Law and Space Law.
