The savior in man-made religions / the civilizations of Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt as a model
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59992/IJSR.2023.v2n8p4Keywords:
The savior, man-made religions, civilization, ancient Mesopotamia, ancient EgyptAbstract
This study seeks to reveal the idea of the savior man and the victory of good over evil. It is one of the beliefs that man believed in since ancient times. In addition to the monotheistic religions that emphasized it, the positive religions also called for it and surrounded it with an aura of sanctity, as it is one of the basic points of commonality between most religions. This is because the issue of salvation preoccupied the mind of man, and he kept looking for a savior, whether this savior was embodied in a god or a human being. Thus, this belief is not exclusive to the divine religions only, as it stems mainly from the human instinct that constantly longs for perfection in all its forms, and perhaps this matter in particular. It is what makes it more realistic. Human nature, as is well known, does not seek something that does not exist. Therefore, all religions, including man-made religions, preached that humanity has a promised day when the earth will be honored with the appearance of the savior and the savior. No ideology, whatever its stance on the unseen, can deny the idea of salvation, for all of them meet in terms of the content of faith in waiting for a savior or savior who will rid humanity of injustice and persecution, and lead it to terms of freedom, justice and prosperity, even if the reasons for this belief differ.
References
The Holy Quran.
1- Al-Ahmad: Sami Saeed / Religious Beliefs in Ancient Iraq / Academic Research Center, Beirut - Lebanon / Dr. I, 2013 AD.
2- Edad / the doctrine of the expected Mahdi among the ancient Iraqis / Mesopotamia magazine (Bilad al-Nahrain) / Center for the Studies of the Iraqi Nation / No. 8, Chapter 1.
3- Ismail: Helmy Mahrous / The ancient Arab East and its civilization (the country between the two rivers, the Levant and the ancient Arabian Peninsula) / University Youth Foundation, Alexandria - Egypt / Dr. I, 1997 AD.
•Baqir: Taha:
4- The Epic of Gilgamesh / Dar Al-Amal for Cultural Affairs, Baghdad - Iraq / Sixth Edition 2002 AD.
5- Ancient History of Iraq / Baghdad University Press / Baghdad - Iraq / Dr.
• Botero: Jean:
6- The Land of Mesopotamia, Writing - Reason - Gods / Translated by: Father Albert Abuna / General Cultural Affairs House, Baghdad - Iraq / First Edition 1990 AD.
7- Religion among the Babylonians / Translated by: Dr. Walid Al-Jader / Al-Jumhuriya Press, Baghdad - Iraq / Dr. I, 1970 AD.
8- Cherni: Yaroslav / The Ancient Egyptian Religion / Translated by: Ahmed Qadri / Dar Al-Shorouk, Cairo - Egypt / First Edition 1416 AH - 1996 AD.
9- Al-Jawhari: Ismail bin Hammad (d. 393 AH) / The Crown of Language and the Soundness of Arabic / Edited by: Ahmed Abdel-Ghafour Al-Attar / Dar Al-IlmLi’l Millions, Beirut - Lebanon / 4th edition, 1407 AH - 1987 AD.
10- Hafez: Hassan / The heavenly religions are waiting for the savior..and the Indian and Chinese are preparing for the return of the missionary / AkherSa’a electronic magazine, published on 11/29/2016.
11- Hijazi: AwadallahJad Ahmed / Comparison of Religions between Judaism and Islam / Muhammadiyah Printing House, Cairo - Egypt / 2nd edition, 1981 AD.
12- Hassan: Selim (Dr.) (d. 1381 AH) / Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt / Egyptian General Book Organization, Family Library, Cairo - Egypt / Dr. I, 2000 AD.
13- Khashim: Ali Fahmy (d. 1432 AH) / The Arab Goddess of Egypt / The Jamahiriya House for Publishing and Distribution, Misrata - New Horizons House, Casablanca / 1st edition, 1990 AD.
14- Al-Dabbagh: Taqi (Doctor) (d. 1430 AH) / ancient religious thought / General Cultural Affairs House, Iraq - Baghdad / 1st edition, 1994 AD.
15- Al-Rafi’i: Abd al-Rahman (d. 1386 AH) / History of the National Movement in Ancient Egypt from the Dawn of History to the Arab Conquest / Dar al-Ma’arif, Cairo - Egypt / 2nd edition, 1989 AD.
16- Al-Zubaidi: Mohib al-Din Abi al-Fayd al-Sayyid Muhammad Murtada al-Hanafi (d. 1205 AH) / Crown of the Bride / Edited by: Ali Shiri / Dar Al-Fikr for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, Beirut - Lebanon / Dr. I, 1414 AH - 1994 AD.
17- Al-Zamakhshari: Abi Al-Qasim Jarallah Mahmoud Bin Omar Al-Khwarizmi (d. 538 AH) / Basis of Eloquence / House and Publications of the People, Cairo - Egypt / Dr. Z, 1960 AD.
18- Sabhani: Raouf / Ancient History of Religions / Al-Balagh Institution for Printing, Publishing and Distribution - Dar Sluni, Beirut - Lebanon / 1st edition, 1432 AH - 2011 AD.
19- Saeed: Habib / World Religions / Authoring and Publishing House of the Episcopal Church, Cairo - Egypt / Dr. I, P.T.
•Tourists: Firas:
20- An Introduction to the Texts of the Ancient East / Aladdin House, Damascus - Syria / Dr. I, 2006 AD.
21- The Mystery of Ishtar / Aladdin House, Damascus - Syria / 8th edition, 2002 AD.
22- The first adventure of the mind / 11th edition, 1996 AD.
23- Shebl: Fouad Mohamed / Egypt's role in the formation of civilization / the cultural library (Free University) / the Egyptian General Authority for Authoring and Publishing / 1971 AD.
24- The Sun: Majid Abdullah / Civilization and Mythology in Ancient Iraq / Aladdin House, Damascus - Syria / 3rd edition, 2009 AD.
25- Al-Shawaf: Qasim / The Book of Legends, Sumer, Akkad and Assyria / Dar Al-Saqi, Beirut - Lebanon / 1st edition, 1997 AD.
26- Saleh: Ghassan Abd / Legends of the Torah, a historical and analytical study / PhD thesis, College of Arts - University of Baghdad / 2004 AD.
27- My friend: Muhammad Al-Nasser / The Idea of the Savior / Tables for Publishing and Distribution, Kuwait / 1st edition, 2012 AD.
28- Al-Tarihi: Muhammad Jawad Muhammad Saeed, and Al-Musawi: Salama Hussein Kazem / Religions (a comparative epistemological study in content and methodology) / Iraqi Book House, Baghdad - Dar Sader, Beirut / 1st edition, 1435 AH - 2014 AD.
29- Al-Ta’an: Abd al-Ridha / Political Thought in Ancient Iraq / General Cultural Affairs House, Baghdad - Iraq / 2nd Edition, 1986 AD.
30- Ajiba: Ahmed Ali (Dr.) / Studies in ancient pagan religions / Arab Horizons House, Cairo - Egypt / 1 edition, 2004 AD.
31- Al-Araibi: Muhammad / Foundation for Monotheistic and Positive Religions and Extinct Positive Religions / Lebanese House of Thought, Beirut - Lebanon / Dr. I, P.T.
32- Ali: Fadel Abdel Wahed / The Flood in Cuneiform References / Al-Ikhlas Offset Press, Baghdad - Iraq / Dr. I, 1975 AD.
33- Ibn Faris: Abu al-Hussein Ahmad bin Faris bin Zakariya al-Razi (d. 395 AH) / Dictionary of Standards of Language / Edited by: Abd al-Salam Muhammad Haroun / Islamic Information Library, Qom - Iran / Dr. I, 1404 AH.
34- Al-Fayrouz Abadi: Majd al-Din Abu Taher Muhammad ibn Yaqoub al-Shirazi (d.
35- Kamel: Murad (Dr.) / Source Civilization in the Coptic Era / Dar Al-Ilm Al-Arabi Press, Cairo - Egypt / Dr. P.T.
36- Karim: Sayed (Doctor) / Akhenaten / The Egyptian General Book Organization, Family Library, Cairo - Egypt / Dr. I, 1997 AD.
37- Cramer: Samuel Noah / The Sumerians: Their History, Civilization and Characteristics / Translated by: Faisal Al-Waeli / Library of Civilizations, Lebanon / 1 edition, 1973 AD.
38- Labat: Rene / Religious Beliefs in Mesopotamia / Translated by: Albert Abuna / Dar Star of the East, Baghdad - Iraq / Dr. I, 1988 AD.
39- Al-Majidi: Khazal / Sumer Travel / Dar Al-Thawra Press and Publishing Press, Baghdad - Iraq / Dr. I, 1990 AD.
40- A group of scholars and researchers / The International Arab Encyclopedia / The Encyclopedia's Business Foundation for Publishing and Distribution, Saudi Arabia - Riyadh / 2nd edition, 1419 AH - 1999 AD.
41- Al-Muradi: Nuri / Al-Mahdi Al-Muntazar / Mesopotamia Magazine (Bilad Al-Nahrain), Center for the Studies of the Iraqi Nation / First Issue, Religions and Beliefs of the Homeland.
42- Mortada: Bassam / Encyclopedia of Comprehensive Religions / Dar Al-Safwa for Printing and Publishing / 1st edition, 2009 AD.
43- Al-Masiri: Abdel Wahhab Muhammad (d. 1429 AH) / Encyclopedia of Jews, Judaism and Zionism / Dar Al-Mashreq, Cairo - Egypt / Dr. I, P.T.
44- Mazhar: Ismail / Egypt in Caesarean Alexander the Great / Hindawi Foundation for Education and Culture / Cairo - Egypt / Dr. I, P.T.
45- Al-Maghlouth: Sami bin Abdullah bin Ahmed / Atlas of Religions / Obeikan Library for Publishing and Distribution, Riyadh - Saudi Arabia / 1st edition, 1428 AH - 2007 AD.
46- Ibn Manzoor: Abi Al-Fadl Jamal Al-Din Muhammad bin Makram Al-Afriqi Al-Masry (d. 711 AH) / Lisan Al-Arab / Hawza Literature Publishing, Qom - Iran / Dr. I, 1405 AH.
47- Mahdi: Faleh / Searching for a Savior / Dar Ibn Rushd for Printing and Publishing / 1st edition, 1981 AD.
48- My advice: Ibrahim (Doctor) / History of Egypt in the era of the Ptolemies / The Egyptian Renaissance Library, Cairo - Egypt / Dr. I, 1946 AD.
