Role of Option of Sight (Khayar Al-Ro’ya) in Protecting the Buyer in International Sale Contract
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59992/IJSR.2024.v3n6p8Keywords:
Option of Sight, Rescindable, Rescind the Contract, Confirm the Contract, the GoodsAbstract
Option of sight is an Islamic theory assigned to regulate contractual relationships. It came from a Prophetic statement narrated from the Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) and became a part of the rules which regulate the relationship between the parties of the contract of sale. It gives the buyer who did not see the goods at the time of conclusion of the contract the right to rescind it when he sees them. This option is regulated in several Islamic countries as these countries depend, basically, on Islamic legislation as a reference and as a historical source for their laws. Although it is not regulated in CISG, it may have role to govern an international sale if the applicable law chosen by the parties deal with such matters. Thus, it is within the aim of this paper to explore in depth the role of the option of sight in protecting the buyer in the international sale contract. It clarifies the meaning of the option and shows how it keeps the buyer away from deception that may come from the seller. The paper, indeed, includes the sale in which the buyer sees the goods via the e-means. The study comes with a result that; if this theory is embodied in the international conventions that regulate the international commerce, it will have an important role to prevent the deception and dishonesty that may happen in practice.
References
1. Abd al-Sattar Abu Ghuddah, (1985), al-Khayar wa Atharuh fee al-uqod, 2nd edn, al-Kuwait, Matba'at Maqhawy, 493-554.
2. Adil Maghdadi, (2010), Principles of Commercial Law in the Sultanate of Oman, Amman, Dar althaqafah, 22.
3. Ahmad Adem, (2013), Khayar al-Ro’yah fe al-mo’amalt al-electroneyyah: derasah moqaranah. Master thesis. Om Durman University, Sudan.
4. Ahmad Rabahy, (2016), Meshro’yyat Khayar al-ro’yah fe al-fiqh al-Islamy, Hassiba Benbouali University, Academic Journal for Human Studies, Algeria.
5. Ala’ Eddin Kharofa, (1997), Transactions in Islamic Law, Kuala Lumpur, A.S. Noordeen Publisher, 110- 116.
6. Al-Biheeqy Aby Bakr Ahmad ibn al-Husayn ibn Ali (n. d), Sunan al- Biheeqy, number 10205, vol 5, 268.
7. Al-Darqatny Aby al-Hasan Ali ibn Umar (n. d), Sonan al- Darqatny, number 8 vol 3, 4.
8. Ali Haydar, (n. d) Durar al-Hukkam sharh majallat al-ahkamm (Kitab al-Buyo'), translated to Arabic language by Fihmy al-Husayny, (Bayrot, Dar al-kutub al-ilmeyyah, n.d, 280.
9. Al-Khateeb Shams al-Deen Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Shareeny (n. d), Mughny al-muhtaj, Bayrot, Dar al-Fikr, n.d, 19-20.
10. Al-Kasany Ala’ al-Deen abu Bakr bin Mas'od, (1986), Bada'e al-sana'e fee tarteeb al-shara'e, 2nd edn, (Bayrot, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmeyyah, 292.
11. Al-Ùahawy Abu Ja'far Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Salamah, (1399 ah), Sharh Ma'any al-Athar, 1st edn, edited by Muhammad Zuhry al-Najjar, Bayrot, Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmeyyah, 10.
12. Burhan al-Deen Aby Al-Ma’aly Al-Bukhary, Al-Muheet Al-Burhany, (2004), volume 10, Munshorat al-Mujlis al-‘lmy, Bayrot, 72.
13. Ibn Abdeen Muhammad Ameen bin Umar, (1386 AH), Rad al-muhtar ala al-dur al-mukhtar, known Hasheyat ibn Abdeen, 2nd edn, Bayrot, Dar al-Fikr, 596.
14. Ibn Rushd Muhammad ibn Ahmad, (n.d), Bidayat al-mujtahid wa nihayat al-muqtasid, (Bayrot, Dar al-Fikr, 117.
15. Ibn Hammam Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahid, (n. d), Sharh fath al-qadeer, 2nd edn, Bayrot, Dar al-Fikr, 335.
16. Mohammad Bandari, (2014), Sources of Obligations, Al-Iskandareyyah, Dal alfikr Al-Jami’I, 66-71.
17. Mohd Afandi Awang Hamat and Syakirah Bt Abd Halim, (2014), “Principle of Khiyar al-Ru’yah and Its Application According to Islamic Law as Proposed by Muslim Jurists”, pp.8-13, 5th International Conference on Islamic Jurisprudence in the 21st Century 2014, Islamic Financial Industry and the Need for Revision within the Framework of Magasid AL-Shariah, Islamic University of Malaysia, 8-13.
18. Motaz Al-Ma’mory, (2004), Khayar al-Ro’yah: derasah moqaranah, Master thesis, Bablion Univerity, Iraq.
19. Muhammad Mahmod al-Umosh, (2010), Musqitat Íaq al-khayar, 1st edn, Amman, Dar al-Nafa's lel nashr wa al-tawzee', 94-95.
20. Siti Salwani Razali (2010), Islamic Law of Contract, USA, Cengage Learning, 57.
21. Saiful Azhar Rosly, Mahmood Sanusi and Norhashimah Mohd Yasin (n. d), The role of khaiyar al-‘ayb in al-bay’ bithaman ajil, International Journal of Islamic Financial Services, vol. 2, no.3.
22. Yaseen Muhammad al-Jbory, (2002), al-Mabsot, 1st edn, Amman, Dar Wa'il lel nashr wa al-tawzee', 345.
Websites
1. http://irep.iium.edu.my/73380/7/73380_Principle%20of%20Khiyar%20al- Ru%E2%80%99yah_complete.pdf
2. https://uncitral.un.org/sites/uncitral.un.org/files/media-documents/uncitral/en/19-09951_e_ebook.pdf
